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Study on the External Causes of Mortality In Korea.
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Rim Hak Kim, Chul Hyun Nam, Gui Hee Kim, Sung Woo Kim
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Korean J Epidemiol. 2001;23(2):64-74.
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Abstract
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to analysis the trends and states of external auses of mortality in Korea from 1985 to 1998.METHODS This study was based on data published in 1985-1998 from the annual report of cause of death statistics of National Statistical Office.RESULTS In the proportion of total death cases during 1985-1998, External causes of mortality was ranged from 11 percent to 15 percent. Death rate(per 100,000) of external causes of mortality(ECM) decreased recently from 85.7 in 1991 to 68.9 in 1998. Death rate of ECM in male was 2.6 times higher than that of female. Among total cases of ECM, the first leading cause of death was transport accidents.
intentional self-harm was the second leading cause of death(26.8 percent in 1998). In trends of death rate(per 100,000) for ECM during 1885-1998, there were decreased for following causes of death; transport accidents, falls, accidental drowning and submersion, exposure to smoke, fire and flames, accidential poisoning by and exposure to noxious substances, Death rates of ententional self-harm and assault were increased during the periods. The age specific death rate increased with age for all ECM except for assault. The risk of death caused by ECM was higher in aged 65 and over than in ages 0-19 years among all ECM. The risk of death for male aged 65 and over were 6.9 times in transport accidents, 26 times in fall, 37 times in accidential poisoning by and exposure to noxious substances, and 18 times in intentional self-harm compared with 0-19 years. The risk of death for female aged 65 and over were 27 times in fall, 22 times in accidential poisoning by and exposure to noxious substances compared with 0-19 years. In seasonal variation of ECM cases for 1998. There was highest proportion in August(10.4 percent).
The highest proportion by death seasion were winter(32.7 percent) in exposure to smoke, fire and flames, summer(27,7 percent) in fall, summer(52.4 percent) in accidental drowning and submersion, summer in 32.0 percent) in accidential poisoning by and exposure to noxious substances, spring(28.2 percent) in intentional self-harm, assault. and autumn(28.2 percent) in transport accidents.CONCLUSION Above results suggest that a preventive education program for safety accidents should be developed by considering gender and age of the objecties and seasons of the year.
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A Sociomedical Research on Oriental Hospital Out and Inpatients of Cerebrovascular Accident.
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Byung Ha Kim, Chul Hyun Nam, Gwang Bog Wie, Gi Yoel Kim, Seung Hee Yang
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Korean J Epidemiol. 1997;19(2):240-257.
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This study is comprehend the reality and characteristics of C.V.A. patients and to be helpful to its prevention and cure by resarching C.V.A. outpatient or inpatients who visited some of the oriental hospitals during three months from April 1 to June 30 1996 which are located in Taegu and Kungbuk Province, and concluded as follow: 1. The general characteristics of the subjects were: (1) 52.3% of the subjects were male. (2) In terms of age, 34.7% of them were in the sixties. (3) In terms of job, 28.5% of them were housewives(the highest percentage). (4) 77.6% of them had their spouses. (5) 67.2% of them were middle class. (6) In terms of educational background, 24.6% of them were literate of korean alphabets, and 23.4% were elemantary school gradurates. (7) 51.6% of them were outpatients. 2. 73.3% of the subjects experienced C.V.A. for the first time, and 23.1% were at recurrence, and 3.6% were chronic. 3. In terms of C.V.A. types, 49.8% of the subjects had cerebral hemorrhage, and 41.9% had cerebral infarction, and 8.3% had the others. In cerebral hemorrage, the percentage in "male, forties, job of sales service, unmarried, middle class, high educational background" were higher than the others respectively. And in cerebral infarction, the percentages in female, over seventies, official job, married, upper class were higher than the others respectively. 4. In terms of reasons of C.V.A. 49.5% of them were high blood pressure, and 24.2% were high stress, and 18.8% were overwork, and 4.0% were fatness, and 2.5% were heredity. In high blood pressure, the percentages in "high age, teacher, unmarried, lower class, low educa-tional background" were higher than the others respectively. 5. In terms of family members' C.V.A. , 56.7% of the subjects answered negatively, and 43.3% positively. In terms of the diseases which they had now except for C.V.A., 33.6% of them had hypertention, and 16.2% had diabetes, and 9.4% had neuralgia, and 4.0% had heart disease, and 16.6% had the otehrs, and 20.2% had no other disease. In heart disease, the percentages in "male, teachers, middlelower class, middle school graduates, inpatients" were higher than the others respectively. In neuralgia, the percentages in "fifties and sixties, housewives, spouse alive, upper class, literate of Korean alphabet" were higher than the others respectively. In terms of the diseases which they had now except for C.V.A., 33.6% of them had hypertension, and 16.2% had diabetes, and 9.4% had neuralgia, and 4.0% had heart diseases, the percentages in "fifties and sixties, housewives, spouse alive, upper class, literate of Korean alphabets" were higher than the others respectively. 6. In terms of the diseases which they had before C.V.A., 22.4% of them had hypertension, and 18.8% had diabetes, and 8.1% had heart diseases, and 11.2% had neuralgia and arthritis, and 7.8% had cancer, and 21.7% had the others. 7. In terms of exercise behaviors before C.V.A., 41.2% of them did nothing, and 58.8% did sometimes. 8. In terms of fatness level by self judgement, 36.1% of them thought "proper", and 41.1% thought themselves "fat(the highst percentage), and housewives(45.5%) thought themselves "fat". 9. In terms of favorite food, 50.2% of them liked meat, and 33.2% liked vegetables, and 13.0% liked fish. 10.
In terms of fancy things of C.V.A. patients, 57.0% of them were non-smokers, and 53.1% were non-drinkers, and 55.2% disliked coffee. In smoking level, 16.6% of them smoked less than five pieces a day. In drinking, 18.0% of them drank half a glass of soju. In coffee, 25.3% of them drank a cup of coffee a day. 11. The level of satisfaction with C.V.A.
patient-healing methods ; In medical therapy, 43.3% of C.V.A. patients thought it "usual", and 44.1% thought it "satisfactory" and 7.9% thought it "unsatis-factory". In acupunture and moxibustion 39.7% of the C.V.A. patients thought it "usual", and 53.0% thought it satisfactory" and 3.3% thought it "unsatisfactory". The level of satisfaction With Physiotherapy was average 61.7% and 4.0% was "unsatisfactory". From above statement, by considering those characteristics we should develop programs and materials to be health to the prevention and cure of C.V.A. and we should help hospitals and medical personnel families concerned to make use of them.
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A study on prevalence rate and related risk factors for house wive's low back pain.
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Tea Yeal Kim, Chul Hyun Nam
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Korean J Epidemiol. ;15(2):196-211.
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Abstract
The purpose of the study is to find out the prevalence rate and main contributing factors for house wive's low back pain and to develope educational programs, to improve working environment and to provide the necessary basic materials for prevention and rehabilitation program of the low back pain.
The subjects of study were reside in small-medium sized cities of Pohang, Kyung Ju, Young Chun in Kyung Pook Province. The subjects of 1,500 house wives whose children are registered to respective schools of kindergarten, elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. The study was conducted during April/26/1993 to May/10/1993. The analysis of survey based on relatively good quality response by 950.
The results of the study summerized are as follows :
1. Among 950 subjects, the largest age group were 30-34, 48.8%, the weight were 50~54Kg, 32.8% and the height were 160-164cm, 49.5%. Among 950 subjects, educationally, graduate from high school were 51.2% ； the largest group. Also in economic state, the middle class were 70.3%, age of marriage were younger than 24 years old, 50.8% and number of family of 3-4 were 78.0%.
2. Among 950 subjects, the prevalence rate of low back pain showed 46.5%, premarital low back pain experience consist of 15.6%, postmarital low back pain was 70.6%.
3. In relation of general characteristics and low back pain prevalence, the age, age of marriage and number of family showed no significance but education, economics and lenght of marriage were highly significant (p<0.01).
5. In relation of house working environment and low back pain prevalence, much time cousuming house work, most difficult task house work, method of house cleaning and laundry were not significant but method of child carryring, degree of house work sharing were statistically significant (p<0.05). There were highly significant with repetitive trunk rotation and forward bending, lifting and handling during house work (p<0.01).
6. In relation of obstetric and gynecology factors and low back pain prevalence, number of child birth and method of child birth were not significant but statistically significant to amount of house work during pregnancy and highly significant
The cause of low back pain consist of 28.0% unknown, 18.1% claim of long period of working with squatting position, 15.6% claim long period of work with stoop position. The type of low back pain symptom among present low back pain group consistent of 83.7% are low back pain only, 44.3% and 38.5% have distal and proximal radiating pain respectively and 21.0% felt weakness to lower extremities.
Among the present low back pain group, 76.9% have experience of treatment, in that 47.5% low back pain medical information gained through friends
high risk factors by biological, house and house-work environment. Therefore, regard to the house wive’s low back pain, proper prevention and management, house and house-work environment should be considered in ergonomic view point of architecture for work position. House wive’s low back pain are mostly due to female physiologic characteristics such as menstruction, pregnancy, child birth and related factors and psychologic factors as well. The continuous research is needed for many interesting issues of house wive’s low back pain in new future.
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